International Journal of Applied Science and Research

Yifan Huang 1, Shulin Xu 2, Weidong Kong 3

ABSTRACT:Cephalometry is a key technique in orthodontic clinics for diagnosis, treatment planning, evaluating and tracking treatment results, and academic research. However, several limitations remain in its reading and processing of craniomaxillofacial three-dimensional spatial structural data. Cephalometry has progressed from a twodimensional plane to a three-dimensional plane with the introduction of CBCT and other three-dimensional technologies, and more clinicians and researchers have contributed valuable research results for the development of three-dimensional technology in orthodontics. This review will focus on the application of three-dimensional technology in cephalometry as well as other three-dimensional assisted orthodontic technologies.

Keyword: CBCT, Cephalometry, Orthodontics, Three-dimensional

Peter Letadi Mphai, Zeleke Worku and Mammo Muchie

ABSTRACT:Ensuring adequate compliance with occupational health and safety guidelines in business enterprises is a key duty of the South African Department of Employment and Labour and the City of Tshwane. A survey was conducted in the City of Tshwane to explore the extent to which business enterprises comply with occupational health and safety guidelines by gathering qualitative and quantitative information on a list of 24 indicators of compliance in the greater Tshwane geographical region. The study was based on a survey of 406 formally registered businesses selected from all economic sectors. The 24 indicators are commonly used by the World Health Organisation (2021), the United Nations Development Programme (2021) and the International Labour Organisation (2021) for measuring the degree of compliance of business enterprises with occupational health and safety guidelines and regulations. The result of the survey revealed that about 53% of businesses adhered to occupational health and safety requirements adequately, whereas about 47% of businesses failed to comply with occupational health and safety requirements adequately. The most influential predictors of compliance were ownership of the business being operated, the financial capacity of businesses being operated, and the extent to which business owners and operators were aware of and educated about the importance of compliance with occupational health and safety regulations by health inspectors whose job is to monitor businesses operating in Tshwane.

Keyword: Tshwane, Business enterprises, Occupational health and safety, Adherence

Umut Tas 1, Hatice Kalkan Yildirim 1

ABSTRACT: Introduction. Mead is the oldest fermented, traditional alcoholic drink produced by fermentation of diluted honey. The mead spirit is an alcoholic drink made from mead by using distillation. The increasing interest to both drinks lead to new studies. The aim of this study was to determine the main volatile compounds found in mead and mead spirits. Materials and methods. The procedure for mead production was done by following traditional applications. The distillation process concerning mead spirits was design in laboratory scale units. Volatile compounds in samples were analyzed by Gas chromatograph system equipped with column CP-WAX 57 CB, 0.20 µm x 50 meters, inner diameter is 0.25 mm properties. The calibration standard solutions were prepared by diluted 45:55 (v/v) ethanolwater. Results and discussion. The highest value of volatile compound was determined in mead as 29.75 g/hL. Concerning the mead spirits the highest value was determined for 3-methyl-1-butanol as 15.41 g/hL. The results demonstrated the importance of used procedures during productions. Conclusions. These results demonstrated that volatile compounds in mead and mead spirits could be optimized.

Keyword: Honey wine, Honey spirits, Aromatic compounds

Namasaka Wataka Dalmas., Rev. Dr. Stephen Okello and Rev. Dr. Njuguna Waitherero

ABSTRACT: More ever than before the concept of empathy today remains a critical notion in the contemporary discourses, debates and conferences in psychology, philosophy of mind, social and moral philosophies. This article presents Edith Stein's conception of empathy, as a substratum for intersubjectivity, an intersubjectivity inclined towards the hermeneutics of social-communal ethics domain. A domain that encompasses mutual acceptance and respect for other people's living-bodies endowed with feelings, emotions and mental states. It is an intersubjectivity for interpersonal and reciprocal relationships of living subjects, developed through an empathetic connection of living human bodies, communication and the we-community. A community of communal love than hatred, respect and dignity for all people without any form of exploitation and manipulation.

Keyword: Empathy, Living-body (leib-Korper), Intentionality, Motivation, Intersubjectivity, Connection, Communication and Life We-Community.

Ermias Teshome Taffa* and Dagne Kora Balcha

ABSTRACT: Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is a globally grown legume crop. Currently, Ethiopian is the second largest faba bean producing country after China. Faba bean production in Ethiopia is highly impacted by major fungal disease Chocolate spot (Botrytis fabae Sardina). The field experiment was done at Sinana Agricultural Research Center research site in RCBD with three replications for three years. The intention was to evaluate effect of eight (8) signaling chemicals (Sodium Carbonate (NaCO3), Di-Potassium hydrogen phosphate (K2HPO4), Calcium chloride (CaCl2), Ascorbic Acid (C6H8O6), Salicylic Acid (C₇H₆O₃), Boric Acid (H3BO3), Citric Acid (C₆H₈O₇), and Oxalic Acid (C2H2O4)) on development of faba bean diseases. The signaling chemicals were as seed treatment, as foliar spray and as seed treatment and foliar. Spray of a fungicide Mancozeb 80% WP at a rate of 2.5 kg/ha and untreated plot was included as positive and negative controls, respectively. ANOVA has shown significant difference (P<0.05) between treatments for faba bean diseases severity. Seed treatment of the chemicals has reduced diseases than the foliar spray. Some of the chemicals (Salicylic acid foliar spray, seed treatment and foliar spray of Boric acid, seed treatment and foliar spray of Calcium chloride, Ascorbic acid foliar spray and Di-Potassium hydrogen phosphate (K2HPO4) applied as foliar spray) have favored the development of faba bean diseases and the highest chocolate spot severity (32.1%) was recorded for plots treated by these chemicals. Additionally, salicylic acid has inhibited the germination of seeds significantly. The lowest chocolate spot severity (22.2%) was recorded from calcium chloride seed treated plot. Similarly, the applications of signaling chemicals have significantly influenced the faba bean agronomic performance. The high biomass yield of 1383.3 kg/ha was obtained from plots treated with Calcium chloride as seed treatment. The highest TKW (515.2g) and the lowest TKW (466.2g) was recorded from plot treated by Sodium Carbonate (NaCO3) as seed treatment and Ascorbic Acid (C6H8O6) applied as foliar treatment, respectively. Regarding grain yield, the highest (4008.1 kg/ha) was recorded from plot treated by calcium chloride seed treatment and the lowest (0.6 kg/ha) was recorded from salicylic acid seed treated plot. From the result of this study, it is observed that seed treatment of calcium chloride has improved the yield of faba bean. Therefore, the seed treatment of calcium chloride at a concentration of 20mM is recommended for the improvement of faba bean productivity.

Keyword: Faba bean, Chocolate spot, Botrytis fabae Sardina, Signaling chemicals, ANOVA

Alemayehu Wubie and Adamneh Dagne

ABSTRACT: The study was conducted to determine the cannibalism intensity among C.gariepinus larvae in hatchery for 30 days. The experiment was divided into four treatments with different grading intervals. The treatment T1 (no grading), treatment T2 (grading daily), treatment T3 (once a week), and treatment T4 (once per two weeks) were evaluated. The result showed that the maximum survival rate was 80 percent at T4 and the lowest survival rate was 56 percent at T2. Among treatments, T2 has shown a significant difference in survival rate (P<0.05) other than T1. The variation in survival rate was not the intensity of cannibalisms among siblings, but it was the natural mortality caused by water contamination with fungal and the indigestibility of the ingested feed that caused the larval bell to swell, and some of the eaten too much feed and unable to be digest it all together brought mortality. Several studies indicate that the survival rate of C.gariepinus larvae and fry in a hatchery is low, and that providing the high quality fry at the appropriate time is a considerable challenge.

Keyword: Cannibalism, Survival rate, Mortality, African catfish (Clarias gariepinus), Larvae

Neti Yuliana 1, Sumardi 2, Chandra Utami Wirawati 3 and Iyan Indrawan1

ABSTRACT: The study's objective was to evaluate the cream cheese characteristics made from Lampung farmer's milk improved by combining 2% xanthan gum and 1% gelatin as stabilizers on different curd recovery ways. The cream cheese samples were prepared by three treatments, namely (T1) stabilizer application on curd without whey separation, (T2) no stabilizer application on curd with whey separation, and (T3) stabilizer application on curd with whey separation. All experiments were repeated three times. Results demonstrated that the addition of stabilizer (xanthan gum and gelatin) with or without whey separation had a better impact on the proportional protein, fat, yield, and texture, and spread ability. In addition, stabilizer addition had no adverse effect on the color, taste, and aroma of all cheese cream. Nevertheless, cream cheese without whey separation had higher moisture content than those with whey separation even though with stabilizer added. Therefore, it was possible to explore cream cheese made from Lampung farmers' milk with a stabilizer and whey separation application.

Keyword: cream cheese, xanthan gum, gelatin, Lampung farmers milk

Clavel-Maqueda, Mireya 1, Ovando-Chico, Maria Catalina 1, Gaeta-Gonzalez, Martha Leticia 1, Cornejo Velazquez, E.2*

ABSTRACT: Technology is developing rapidly and transforming our actions, functions and activities, new forms of production increasingly incorporate Industry 4.0 technologies. The aim of this paper is to identify trends, gaps, and opportunities in scientific research on Industry 4.0. Through the systematic analysis of articles indexed in WoS, EBSCO and Scopus journals. It was identified that research is focused on major proportion in the adoption of technologies, performance improvements and on less proportion on technical issues and technological developments. Areas of opportunity, where it is pertinent to make are sustainability and integration of Industry 4.0 to the production processes of organisations, the development of human capital, and training to take advantage of the changes.

Keyword: Emerging research; Industry 4.0; Trends and opportunities

Marcus Paye Quoigoah I 1, Huseyin Gokcekus 2 and Youssef Kassem 3

ABSTRACT: Climate-related adaptation effects include dearth and overflow resistance, which are changes that may result in a decline in the availability and quality. Given that certain effects of climate change are irreversible, adaptation is the prudent course of action. Climate change is a global problem in the modern and contemporary world, and its consequences on the environment and water resources are significant. The adaptation to climate change and integrated water resource management in the water industry were the subjects of this research project, which also included an evaluation and secondary analysis of the existing studies on adaptation to climate change and integrated water resource management in the water industry. What has evolved is our understanding and application of a comprehensive set of water management solutions that comply to contemporary regulations and concepts. While the study focused on the most critical issues affecting the country's water management system, integrated water resource management (IWRM) plan, and efforts to adapt to climate change in the water sector, it also examined seminal research publications from the perspective of sub-regional activities on integrated water resource management, climate change adaptation, and the water sector in a few western African nations, specifically. It analyses shortcomings and proposes realistic solutions for the long-term adaptation of the water industry to climate change.

Keyword: Climate adaptation: It is a term that refers to activities that mitigate the adverse effects of climate change while focusing on prospective future possibilities. It entails adopting policies and behaviours to observe or expected climate changes

Momoh, K. S.1, Riki, J. T. B 2* and Oluwadare, A. O.1

ABSTRACT: The study was design to evaluate the production of fibreboard using wood residue of Gmelina arborea and Pinus caribaea. Wood shavings from the selected species were grounded in a hammer mill to obtain two particle sizes of 1 mm and 2 mm. a mould of 310 mm x 310 mm was made to from the boards. Three mixing ratios of adhesive: water was used (1:3; 1:1 and 3:1).The results revealed that there was an increase in the mean density from the lowest concentration ratio of 1:3 to the highest concentration ratio of 3:1 (mixing proportion of adhesive to water).Further test was examined on the swelling and shrinkage properties of the resulting boards of different concentration ratio of adhesives and water. The highest overall noticeable volumetric swelling percentage was found in Gmelina arborea of the particle size 1mm with mixing proportion of 3:1 adhesive to water, which increased by 5.01%, and the overall noticeable lowest swelling concentration ratio was found on P. carribaea of 1:1 with 2mm particle size which increased with 1.15%. In addition, the highest overall noticeable volumetric shrinkage percentage was found in P. carribaea of the concentration ratio 1:1 of particle size 2mm which shrinked by 20.44%, and the overall noticeable lowest shrinkage concentration ratio was found in Gmelina arborea of particle size 1mm with the mixing ratio of 1:1 which shrinked by 8.57%.

Keyword: Fiberboard, Density. Swelling, Shrinkage, Gmelina arborea, Pinus caribaea

Hindowa Batilo Momoh

ABSTRACT: Decentralization became the buzzword in developing countries in the immediate aftermath of the ColdWar in the 1990s. As a process and concept, decentralization was seen as the vehicle to put the enfeebled state back on the development trajectory. This was largely due to the cataclysmic impact of over-centralization of power and authority in the 1970s and 1980s that suffocated development and brought many countries in the developing world to the brink of collapse. In most of these countries, civil conflicts, national upheavals and social discontent became a commonplace. The promise of decentralization, with all its vicissitudes and vagaries, was huge and compelling. It promised to deliver and quicken service delivery; promote inclusivity and grassroots participation; improve poverty reduction and facilitate rural development; improve transparency and accountability; promote gender equality and women and youth empowerment; improve coordination and synergy of development efforts; promote local ownership, to catalogue a few. Fourteen years since its reintroduction, decentralization in Sierra Leone has mixed bags of successes and challenges. This article sets out to catalogue the critical challenges decentralization continue to face in Sierra Leone since 2004. The article identifies undeniable challenges including but not restricted to lack of political will to devolve functions by sit-tight bureaucrats, resource dearth to fund rural development projects, capacity deficiency of councilors and council staff to effectively function, lack of legal reform, economic malfeasance that deprive councils and rural marginals of the much-needed resources to undertake development projects, among others. It concludes that surmounting these limitations will fulfil the promises of decentralization in Sierra Leone.

Keyword: decentralization, service delivery, ownership, participation, devolution, over-centralization

Caroline Wanza Muia 1, Kimiti, Richard Peter 2 (PhD), Larry Ndivo 3(PhD)

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to determine teacher-related factors affecting the use of information communication technology in teaching English in public secondary schools in Tulimani Division, Mbooni-west sub-county. The objective of the study was to establish the extent to which teachers' level of training on ICT skills influence the use of ICT in teaching of English in public secondary schools in Tulimani Division, Mbooni-West Sub-County. The target population was sixteen (16) head teachers and fifty (50) English teachers. The study sampled eight (8) public secondary schools [six (6) from Kalawani zone and two (2) from Tulimani zone] out of 16 public secondary schools in the division using random sampling. Eight Principals were purposively selected while twenty-five (25) English teachers were randomly selected. Questionnaires were used to gather information from all the respondents. Data analysis was done descriptively using frequencies and percentages and,the results were presented using tables and figures.Thestudy found out thatmajority of teachersof Englishhad a training onICTskills at different levels; Certificate, Diploma, degree and master’s levels. The study also found out that the level of training inICTskills influenced the use ICT in the teaching of English at the secondary school level.Based on this finding, the study recommended that the Teachers Service Commission should ensure that all teachers are equipped with basic ICT skills and theschool administrators to create a conducive working atmospheref or teachers of English to integrate ICT intheirteaching.

Keyword: decentralization, service delivery, ownership, participation, devolution, over-centralization

FR. BERNARD CHEWE KACHENGA, REV. DR. SIMON NJUGUNA WAITHERERO AND DR. SABAS KIMANI

ABSTRACT: Man is ideally considered to be body, spirit and soul. Since soul and spirit are used interchangeably we can ascertain that man is a unitary composition of soul and body. This accounts for the hylomorphic argument as asserted by Aristotle and Aquinas. On the contrary, man is seen as a composition of soul and body that are capable of independent existence. This is explained in the dualistic assertion made by Plato and Augustine. Both the hylomorphic and dualistic arguments concerning the nature of man have their own strengths and weaknesses. Nevertheless, from the metaphysical standpoint, the hylomorphic argument holds more water because of the transcendental attributes of Being; unity, beauty, good and truth which also accounts for the nature of man who is also a being and is part of Being.

Keyword: Dualism, Hylomorphism, Transcendenta

Damaris Mbithe James 1 , Kimiti, Richard Peter 2 (PhD), Francis Mutua 3 (PhD)

ABSTRACT: Information Communication Technology and specifically social media is one of the most used interactive communication tools today. Almost 95% of the teenagers are operating more than two accounts of social media platforms. The study was guided by two objectives; to establish the behavior displayed by students after social media use and to determine the measures to put in place to mitigate students' behaviors acquired through social media use in Machakos Sub-County. A mixed-method research design was adopted. Purposive sampling was used to select 15 teacher counselors, while 392 students were selected using a simple random sampling. The study found out that secondary school students were exposed to violence-filled video games, movies and songs, sexually explicit photos, unwanted online flirting, bad slangs, pornographic materials, hateful and abusive content. The study also found that social media use inculcated both positive and negative behaviors respectively. Three measures had been put in place to control social media use among students. These included, parental monitoring, guidance and counselling and use of polices on social media. The study thus concluded social media use negatively affected the secondary school students in Machakos County. Based on these findings, the study recommends that school administrators should actively involve parents in developing the strategies to control the use of social media among secondary school students and, the Ministry of Education should channel more resources to support the school administrators in fighting the problems associated with social media by secondary school students.

Keyword: Challenges, Measures, Social media and Student behaviour,

Hani A.A. Dakka

ABSTRACT: This study was designed to examine the antimicrobial activity of camel's milk against bacteria and yeasts isolated from different sources in Gaza strip, including medical, food, and water samples. The isolates were Total coliform, Fecal coliform, Escherichia coli., Kliebsiella, Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, Clostridium, Serratia, Proteus and Enterobacter. Camel milk samples were collected from farm camels in different regions of Gaza strip. Camel's milk was revealed different antimicrobial activity on all positive and gram negative bacteria and yeasts except Kliebsiella, Serratia, and proteus isolated from medical sources. The antimicrobial activity was high when using (100%) pure milk without dilution. The antimicrobial percent were the highest in isolates from food samples (75%), followed by water isolates (50%), and finally medical isolates (25%). In conclusion, the results of this study showed that Camel's milk has antimicrobial activity against different gram positive and negative bacteria isolated from different sources.

Keyword: Antimicrobial activity, camel’s milk, bacterial isolates, different sources, Gaza strip

Gam, Pham Thi Hong

ABSTRACT: This research is aimed at improving the speaking ability of grade ten students at Thai Nguyen ethnic boarding school using visual aids and then explored students' attitudes towards the use of visual aid in teaching and learning speaking. The research was carried out through action research that consisted of one cycle with three meetings. The data of the study were in the form of qualitative and quantitative data. The quantitative data were acquired through pre-test, progress test, and post-test. Whereas the qualitative data were obtained from the observation during the implementation of the actions; informal interviews with the students in a grade 10 class. Thirty-one students in class 10A3 participated in this intervention. The results of the research show that there was an improvement in the students’ speaking ability using visual aids. The visual aids used in this research were video, pictures, real objects and flashcards. The videos could get students' attention and improved their learning motivation. The students could have better understanding of the use of English in real situation as they learnt appropriate models of speaking English through videos. Results also showed that the students made improvements in some aspects of speaking skills, such as pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar, and fluency. They were more confident to speak English and actively participated during the teaching and learning process. The students also thought that learning with visual aids would be more effective if it was conducted more than once. Based on the results of the action research, the researcher proposed implications and recommendations on using visual aids to improve students' speaking ability for the students, teachers and future researchers.

Keyword: Visual aids, ethnic students, ethnic boarding school, speaking ability, improvement, attitude

Nouf Ali Asiri 1, Waseem Mushtaq 2, Hassan Saeed Al-Zahrani 1, Hesham F. Alharby 1.3 and Khalid Rehman Hakeem 1.3 *

ABSTRACT: Soil pollution is the most common type of pollution while heavy metals` contamination of soil is one of the most serious problems in the world. Heavy metal pollution is not affecting the plants only; rather it is negatively influencing human and animal health. The quest to solve this problem by traditional methods is not effective and/or very expensive. The best way to look forward is to use green plants to clean up heavy metal-contaminated soil. Phytoremediation is an eco-friendly and economical way to decontaminate the soil from heavy metals. In the current study, Dianthus alpinus L. and Ocimum basilicum L. are assessed for phytoremediation of mercury (Hg) and arsenic (As). This study showed that plant growth, biomass and photosynthetic pigments decreased with increasing concentrations of Hg (10 ml/g soil) and As (1.5 ml/g soil) as compared to control by 94% in Dianthus sp. and 69 % in O. basilicum with a significant difference among various treatments by 36 %. Different concentrations of Hg and As had high accumulation in selected plants especially in photosynthetic pigments. The present study investigates the effect of soil phytoremediation on changes in growth, morphology, physiology and biochemistry to determine the efficiency of Hg and As uptake by selected plants. The indicated plant species can be used in phytoremediation of soil contaminated by heavy metals as they showed a high accumulation of Hg and As.

Keyword: Phytoremediation, Mercury, Arsenic, Ornamental plants, Heavy metals

Isutsa, D.K. and Mwaura, M.M.

ABSTRACT: Among the various Cucurbitaceae species is multi-purpose pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch.),whose seeds, fruits and young leaves are consumed, thereby contributing medicinal, nutritional and food security values. It can also be commercialised to generate income. Photosynthates are crucial building blocksthat drive plant growth, development and yields.It is there fore imperative to enhance photosynthates in plants as they are cornerstones of food production mission. However, in Kenya, multi-purpose pumpkin is often left to grow as a volunteer crop, leading to poor productivity. Consequently, a study was conducted to determine effects of combined nitrogen, mulch and gibberellic acid(GA3) onphotosynthate accumulation in multi-purpose pumpkin fruits. Nitrogen rates assessed were 0, 50, 100 and 150 kgN/hasupplied as CAN, mulch types were none, unpainted and black-painted rice straws, and GA3rates were 0, 40 and 80mg/L. The experiment was arranged in split-split plots in randomized complete block design, replicated three times in two seasons, and each plant was spaced at2mx2m. Nitrogen occupied main, mulch sub, and GA3split-plots. Moisture, fat, protein, ash, and total carbohydrates were measured and subjected to analysis of variance using SAS Version 9.3. Significant means were separated using the least significant difference test (α=0.05).Nitrogen had a significantly (P≤0.05) negative effect on moisture and total carbohydrates, positive on fat and proteins, and no significant (P≥0.05) effect on ash. The effect of mulch was significantly positive on fat, proteins and total carbohydrates, negative on moisture, and not significant on ash. Gibberellic acid had a significantly positive effect on fat and total carbohydrates, negative on moisture and protein contents, and not significant on ash. The interactive effect of combined nitrogen, mulch and GA3on moisture, fat, protein, ash and total carbohydrates was consistently significant, where highest 3.5% proteinswere for N3M0GA0 and lowest 4.2% carbohydrates were for N3M2GA2. Thus, application of nitrogen, mulch and GA3rates that promote the desired best photosynthates in pumpkin fruits is recommended.

Keyword: Fruit-vegetable cultivation, Proximate analysis, Secondary metabolites, Plant nutrients

Jose Ignacio Vega Luna 1, Gerardo Salgado Guzman 1, Francisco Javier Sanchez Rangel 1, Jose Francisco Cosme Aceves 1, Mario Alberto Lagos Acosta 1, Victor Noe Tapia Vargas 1

ABSTRACT: With the continued growth and complexity of computing, applications, and IoT, cloud computing has grown rapidly in recent years. This has created a significant increase in e-commerce applications, big data, and the emergence of a variety of computing platforms on the Internet, which require more processing power and resources. This has also generated the appearance of a significant number of data centers that house the IT infrastructure that supports the development of these activities. It is important that data centers provide efficient and reliable services to customers and users because productivity and satisfaction depend on this. One of the important aspects to consider when talking about services is the efficient management and monitoring of electrical energy consumption. This paper presents the development of a network for monitoring energy consumption in servers in a data center. The network is composed of four nodes based on a NODE MCU ESP32 module and a current transformer type sensor. Its purpose is to determine the price that the client must pay for the energy consumption made. The nodes periodically transmit the power consumed by the servers to the Think Speak Internet platform. Information received by Think Speak can be viewed from the Thing view app and the Think Speak web page. The tests carried out indicated that the monitoring network has an accuracy of 1.186% on average.

Keyword: Energy consumption, current transformer sensor, IoT, monitoring, Think Speak.

Deswani 1, Sri Djuwitaningsih 1, Wardiyah 2 Rika Sari Dewi 3, Liya Kusumawati

ABSTRACT: Purple cabbage (Brassica oleracea L) has been used for traditional medicine, because it has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties that can be used to treat inflammation. This study aims to prove the ethyl acetate fraction and extract of purple cabbage can be efficacious as an anti-inflammatory against rats with - carrageenan induction. Extraction and fractionation research of purple cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata f.rubra) extract has been carried out. The test was carried out by injecting 1% carrageenan in physiological NaCl injected intraplantar as much as 0.2 mL into the paws of male rats Sprague-Dawley strain. Purple cabbage extract was obtained by maceration using ethyl acetate solvent and tested for anti-inflammatory effects using the pow edema method using a plethismometer. Maintenance and preparation of experimental animals (acclimatization) for 1 week by being fed standard pellets and drinking moderately. The number of samples was 75 rats selected at random and divided into 15 treatment groups with each group consisting of 5 rats. The number of each group is determined by the Federer Formula.Test result Aquadest-methanol fraction of purple cabbageprovides an antiinflammatory effect, a dose of 1 (0.625%) mg/kg body weight gives the same anti-inflammatory effect as hydrocortisone acetate 1%and is able to relieve inflammation of the feet of mice. This result shows that Aquadestmethanol fraction of purple cabbage with a dose of 1 (0.625%) mg/kgd body weight gave significant results with hydrocortisone acetate 1%after ANOVA test with 95% confidence level.

Keyword: purple cabbage, topical anti-inflammatory, extract, fraction

Jatin Chhabria 1, Krish Khemani 2, Sahil Kochar 3, Yash Wadhwani 4 and Dr. Dashrath Mane 5

ABSTRACT: Agriculture being the most important occupation of our country, making it easy for functioning in terms of marketing agricultural goods and letting farmers understand what crops are best suited based on soil nutrients, geographical and weather conditions has become very important. To sell the crops, an online mandi(market) would be very beneficial to the farmer. The use of various techniques like ML algorithms and deep learning are recognised as they are capable of dealing with complex data handling problems and accuracy. These techniques are mostly used for various pattern recognition and several classification problems. The main objective of this project is to help farmers understand what plants are best suited depending on various factors and also what additives can be put into soil for growth of a particular crop of their interest.

Keyword: agriculture, crop recommendation, e-commerce, farming, krishi, machine learning, random forest classification

FR. VICTOR CHIBWE SYDNEY, SR. DR. NYAMBEDHA JOSEPHINE APIYO AND REV. DR. SIMON NJUGUNA WAITHERERO

ABSTRACT: We are living in a world where human competition is at play and human knowledge is the central object that suffers a lot in this competition. People tend to undermine and condemn human intelligence of some individuals because they cannot think and act according to what they expect. This has led to many problems that are related to all facets of life be it social, economic, political and spiritual. Manipulation and exploitation of human dignity is on the rise by fellow men. The bantu people suffers most, we have used the category of Bantu people as a representation of many black people that have been victimized with the problem of undermining human intelligence. This problem is not only among the philosophers and the westerners but even among the Bantu people themselves. They undermine human intelligence of their fellow black people in tribes and regional contexts. David Hume an empiricist in his work An Inquiry on Human Understanding argues that, knowledge is acquired by experience through sense perception. Although our capacity to form ideas may seem completely unbounded, in fact ‘all this creative power of the mind amounts to no more than the faculty of compounding, transposing, augmenting, or diminishing the materials afforded us by the senses and experience

Keyword: Knowledge, Human intelligence, Empiricism.

Anuraag Punjabi 1, Sakshi Haswani 2, Kaushal Singh 3, Prashant Kanade 4

ABSTRACT: Telemedicine is the use of modern communication and information technologies to deliver therapeutic treatment and data transmission to people who live far away. Telemedicine can be utilized for judgment, remote sensing, and collaborative arrangements in the simultaneous treatment of remote patients. Telemedicine is a term that encompasses telecommunications, medicine, and informatics. The equipment and techniques for obtaining, presenting, storing, and retrieving clinical data are all detailed in the medical systems architecture. The difficulties that different countries face as they develop telemedicine are discussed. Telemedicine applications define technological, political, and professional boundaries. This data management system demonstrates the aforementioned idea.

Keyword: Telemedicine, Tele-consultation, Medical, Medical database, Tele-conferencing, Tele-diagnosis, web-based medical applications